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George Henry White (December 18, 1852 – December 28, 1918) was an American attorney and politician, elected as a Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina and serving between 1897 and 1901, and a banker. He is considered the last African-American Congressman of the Jim Crow era, one of twenty to be elected in the late nineteenth century from the South. The Democrats had regained control of the state legislature in the 1870s, but black candidates continued to be elected from some districts. After disfranchisement was achieved in new state constitutions from 1890 to 1908, no African American would be elected from the South until 1972, after the Civil Rights Movement and passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, to authorize federal oversight and enforcement of constitutional rights. In North Carolina, "fusion politics" between the Populist and Republican parties led to a brief period of renewed Republican and African-American political success from 1894 to 1900. After White left office, no other black American would serve in Congress until Oscar De Priest was elected in 1928. No African American was elected to Congress from North Carolina until 1992. ==Early life and education== White was born in 1852 in Rosindale, Bladen County, North Carolina, where his natural mother may have been a slave.〔Benjamin R. Justesen, ''George Henry White: An Even Chance in the Race of Life'' (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001): 2–3.〕 His father Wiley Franklin White was a free person of color, of African and Scots-Irish ancestry, who worked as a laborer in a turpentine camp. George had an older brother John, and their father may have purchased their freedom.〔Justesen (2001), ''George Henry White'', pp. 2-7〕〔Eric Anderson, "White, George Henry," ''American National Biography'' 23 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999): 205–206〕 In 1857 their father married Mary Anna Spaulding, a young local woman of mixed race, who was the granddaughter of Benjamin Spaulding. Born into slavery as the son of a white plantation owner and a slave mother, he had been freed as a young man. As a free man of color, he worked to acquire more than 2300 acres of pine woods, which he apportioned to his own large family.〔Justesen (2001), ''George Henry White'', pp. 8-12〕 In 1860 the Whites' household lived on a farm in Welches Creek township, Columbus County. Because he was so young when Mary Anna joined the family, George White always thought of her as his mother. She and his father had more children together.〔 George White probably first attended an "old field school", paid for by subscription. After the American Civil War, the Reconstruction era state legislature established the first public schools for black children in the state. At Welches Creek in 1870, White met the teacher David P. Allen, who encouraged him. Allen moved to Lumberton, where he established the Whitin Normal School. White studied academic courses there for a couple of years, including Latin, and boarded with Allen and his family. He saved money by running the family farm for a year for his father. Wiley White left the family for Washington, D.C., in 1872 and worked for nearly two decades as a laborer at the Treasury Department.〔Justesen (2001), ''George Henry White'', pp. 17-20〕 In 1874 White started studies at Howard University, founded in 1867 in Washington, D.C. as a historically black college open to men and women of all races. He studied classical subjects to be certified as a schoolteacher. In addition to his experiences at the college, he worked for five months at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, which had visitors from around the world, and got to see something of its thriving black community.〔Justesen (2001), ''George Henry White'', pp. 30-33〕 White finished at Howard in 1877 and returned to North Carolina, where he was hired as a principal at a school in New Bern. He studied law in the city as a legal apprentice under former Superior Court Judge William J. Clarke, who had become a Republican after the war, and also established a newspaper.〔Justesen (2001), ''George Henry White'', p. 23〕 In 1879 White was admitted to the North Carolina bar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Henry White」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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